Conflict Types
Battle
Remote
Civilian
Violence
War and ethnic, tribal and religious violence are leading causes of refugees fleeing their countries. This map shows major violent events that took place in the past five years. Data is retrieved from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). ACLED is a disaggregated conflict collection, analysis and crisis mapping project that collects the dates, actors, types of violence, locations, and fatalities of all reported political violence and protest events.(link)
BATTLES are violent clashes between at least two armed groups. REMOTE violence refers to events where an explosion, bomb or other explosive device was used to engage in conflict. They include one-sided violent events in which the tool for engaging in conflict creates asymmetry by taking away the ability of the target to engage or defend themselves and their location (for example suicidal attacks or drone strikes). CIVILIAN refers to violent attacks on unarmed civilians.
Human Development Index
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
HDI
The Human Development Index is based on the concept that people are the real wealth of a nation. The originators of the HDI recognised that there are three essential components required for humans to develop to their maximum ability: health, education and income. There is general agreement that if any one of these elements is absent, individual achievement will be severely limited (more)
Countries which score low on the Human Development Index are more likely to experience conflict giving rise to internal displacement and refugee movements. Wealthier countries accept the better educated for permanent settlement, while admitting less skilled manual workers and asylum seekers on a temporary basis. (more)
% Population
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40
55
70
85
Poverty
This map shows the percentage of population whose income falls below the poverty line. Data is derived from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank (link) listing the percentage of population living with less than $ 5.50 a day.
Poverty is not per se a cause of forced migration, but can contribute to worsen situations stressed by other factors. Numerous among thr poorest countries host great numbers of refugees. These nations already face severe structural barriers to sustainable development, and usually have the least resources to respond to the needs of people seeking refuge.
The presence of camp populations can create tense situations with locals, but sometimes it can bring positive economic benefits to nearby communities and to the host country at large (more).
% Population at Risk
0
20
40
60
80
Environmental risks
This map shows the percentage of population at risk of droughts, floods and extreme temperatures. Data is derived from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank (link)
Environmental refugees are not protected by the 1951 Convention, making it difficult to visualize them due to lack of data. Estimates of the number of environmental refugees in the world vary widely, as do definitions and typologies of such flows (more)
Nevertheless, there is a strong inter-linkage between conflict and environmental condition. An example is the drought that hit Somalia in 2011, after two years of rainfall interruption, as it occurred in the context of the civil war that has been tearing the country apart since 1991 (more)
